Overview

The perspective grid is one of the more obtuse and finicky tools in Illustrator—it’s imprecise, buggy, and asks a lot of the user. There's a good chance your first experience with the hellgrid was accidentally enabling it, then struggling to find the menu command to hide it. Let’s take it for a spin!

Getting Started

Locate the Perspective Grid Tool (Shift+p) and accompanying Perspective Selection Tool (Shift+v) in the toolbar.

The Perspective Grid Tool (Shift+p) allows interaction with the grid planes, cell size, and other aspects of the grid without affecting the artwork.

The Perspective Selection Tool (Shift+v) allows interacting with shapes placed on the grid and keeps them in perspective when repositioning. This is the primary tool when working on illustrations.

Grid options are also found under View > Perspective Grid > One/Two/Three Point Perspective. Clicking the tool from the toolbar, or enabling the perspective grid from the menu will usually summon the grid, including a plane switching widget at the top left. If nothing appears, click the icons a few more times, because—glitchy… The grid can also be shown or hidden by selecting View > Perspective Grid > Hide/Show Grid (Shift+Ctrl+i or Shift+⌘+i).

To understand the basics, Adobe has a fantastic (and concise) overview of grid options and setting things up, including the various perspective types. To save me from rewriting the fundamentals here, check out How to draw artwork in perspective in Illustrator (adobe.com).

Working with objects, such as taking complex shapes and placing them into perspective, can be found here: Draw and modify objects on the perspective grid (adobe.com). It’s another short reference article; definitely worth your time.

Now that the basics have been covered, let’s got to work!

Reference

The house from Ponyo was chosen for this project because of its perspective-friendly boxy appearance and interesting balconies. It has some pretty fantastic door and window details, balconies, and roofs. Can’t be that difficult to put into Illustrator perspective, can it?

I’ll be using a two-point perspective with tight grid lines and slightly off-center rotation. You mustn’t move the grid’s vanishing points or ground level after you’ve begun building; nothing will move with it and additional graphics won’t match the perspective. Keep in mind only one perspective grid can be used per document.

Palette

This house uses a 5-color palette—Ghibli loves their gold and salmon colors.

General Construction

When starting a perspective illustration, it’s helpful to create a flat version of the object, then attach those pieces to the perspective grid using the perspective selection tool (Shift+v) as seen in this tooltip:

Illustrator’s grid overlay View > Show Grid (CTRL+‘ or ⌘+’) is helpful for measuring flat elements and approximating relative sizes. This will help with consistency when bringing everything into perspective.

The Ponyo house main wall was laid out first, using grid blocks as a basic unit of measurement. Consider the smallest grid element you might want to use—flower pots could be 1×1, small windows 2×3, etc. and build outward. Choose a grid size that accommodates your work and enable snap to grid with View > Perspective Grid > Snap to Grid.

Shown here is the primary side of the house snapped into perspective with the window and balcony footprint laid out. Various colored shapes were then added to designate protruding areas (balconies, windows, etc.).

The octagonal roof vent was the first piece created and used as a reference for the rest of the house. Its 4×4 grid was useful for measuring the spacing and size of most everything else around it. There’s plenty of room for freeform design, but you don’t want too loose of a grid (hard to snap elements), or too tight of a grid (hard to maintain consistency).

Once the wall is complete, begin extruding the balconies and other pieces using the perspective selection tool. Select an element on the active plane (like the balcony below) and hold ALT + SHIFT and drag the plane. This creates a copy of that element and swings the plane to a new location. By holding shift, the shape will maintain grid snapping and perspective.

To complete the other face, change the active perspective plane using the widget and draw the missing face as a basic rectangle shape. Smart guides and snapping should keep everything tidy. As long as the grid is visible, any new shapes will be applied to the active perspective plane, seen here:

Details

When all the large areas are completed, have a pass at refining everything by adding little insets, borders, line-work, and other details. I edged most surfaces with a dashed line for that technical drawing look and made some freeform plants.

The roof itself was manually placed using the existing walls as guides—not everything needs to use the perspective tool. If it’s easier to grab the pen tool to complete the missing pieces, have at it.

Textures and backgrounds are added last. This uses the same texturing process from my Spirited Away bath house and the house from My Neighbor Totoro, with some additional lightweight gradients and blending modes for the ground, sky, and water.

Bugs

There is a critical bug with the perspective tool that has existed for years, with no fix in sight—the vanishing plane glitch. It’s irreversible and cannot be fixed by saving and reloading. It happens way too often when pressing SHIFT and adjusting objects and planes. If you save and quit after the plane has vanished, adios muchacho, it’s permanent.

If you notice a plane has vanished, undo until it returns; hopefully you caught it in time. Be sure to save your grid as a preset to easily load it back up in case bad things happen with View > Perspective Grid > Save Grid as Preset. If a plane vanishes, reload your custom perspective grid and continue.

Wrapping Up

It’s important to remember Illustrator’s perspective grid is a helpful tool, but you never need to use it as intended—nothing is stopping you from taking a screenshot of it and pasting the grid into photoshop as a custom guides overlay! Actually, that might be a better way to use it—it’s wack in Illustrator.

For the entire process (and lots of struggling) check out the Ponyo house perspective grid videos on Twitch. Thanks for reading!